Nvq 3 Unit 13 Prepare Text from Notes - 751 Words

Prepare text from Notes Unit 13 1.1 Describe the different types of documents that may be produced from the notes and the formats to be followed. There are a number of different types of documents, below is a table which shows the types of documents and the format to follow. Document Letter These documents are used for different types of communications and for various purposes. They could be formal, informal, business, personal etc. If from a company then it should be printed on company headed paper, listing the reference, date, name, address, subject, letter content. It should be finished with yours faithfully/yours sincerely, signed, name and job title. If there is something enclosed then Enc should be added. If the letter†¦show more content†¦They are an image of the organisation and they need to be of a high standard. 2.5 Explain the purpose of confidentiality and data protection when preparing text from notes. Confidentiality is very important in preparing documents because it can involve a lot of private data. In order to protect the users and the owner, confidentiality must be observed. Data protection is also significant to assure that nobody will be able to get the data and spread it to anybody else, especially if its about money and financial statements. The release of personal information can lead to serious consequences. This is probably one of the most important aspects of any business. 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Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Free Essays

Every child becomes an adult—a boy to a man, a girl to a woman. In the novel, Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, published in 1916 by an Irish writer, James Joyce illustrates the protagonist, Stephen Dedalus, and his journey to seek for identity. While the title of the novel insinuates that the protagonist is going to become an artist, the novel also portrays Stephen’s sense of isolation that comes from the ambiguity and bewilderment that he experiences with his family, society, and country. We will write a custom essay sample on Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the novel begins, Stephan is still young and because of a lack of knowledge and experience, he fells small and weak. Stephen goes through a severe portrayal of the injustices and intricacy of childhood as a child trying to grasp a clear image of the world; Joyce depicts the impression of a child in a world regulated for adults. When â€Å"[Stephen] turned to the flyleaf of the geography and read†¦ Sallins/ Country Kildare/ Ireland/ Europe/ The World/ The Universe,† (Joyce, 13) thinking about the boundaries of the universe, Stephen attempts to identify himself by placing himself in the world by his geographic position. In addition, when he contemplates the overwhelming ideas of God and the limits of his political knowledge, which seems to be so significant to the adults. This shows the reader the isolation Stephen feels as a young child from the world. In short, this essay will analyze how Stephen alienation with his environment affects him to finds his own identity as an artist. During Stephen’s childhood, he feels isolated more in relation to his family and the society. When Stephen encounters into the duty of revealing the rector that Father Dolan has been inequitable with him at the Clongowes Wood College, he comes to a decision not take any actions at one point. â€Å"No, it was best to hide out of the way because when you were small and young you could often escape that way,† (48) Stephen thinks about his colleagues in the scene when he is questioned whether he will go to the rector or not. In this scene, Stephen understands the children’s world. He knows that â€Å"fellows [tells] him to go, but they would not go themselves† (48). However, after he tells the rector about Father Dolan, even though his fellows cheer for Stephen’s bravery and turnout to be here, he soon becomes alone. â€Å"He was happy and free: but he would not be anyway proud with Father Dolan. He would be very quiet and obedient: and he wished that he could do something kind for him to show him that he was not proud† (51) it states, emphasizing that Stephen knew that nothing would hange and the fact that he felt weak and small after all—a sense of isolation from his colleagues and adults. Soon after he experiences the sense of isolation from his colleagues, Stephen is introduced to the change in Dedalus’ financial situation. Moving into a â€Å"cheerless house† (57) in Dublin with his family, Stephan recognizes that his father is the cause for he is a financial failure. This allows Stephen to become self conscious a nd acrimonious, humiliated by the â€Å"change of fortune† (58). Illustrating the Dedalus’ first night in their new house, where â€Å"the parlor fire would not draw [and the] half furnished uncarpeted room [was bathed in a] bare cheerless house† (57) makes Stephen’s â€Å"heart heavy† (57) with the â€Å"intuition and foreknowledge† (57) that it is his father who is responsible for the decline. Furthermore, Stephen starts to feel separated from his father. Despite the fact that Simon Dedalus is unsuccessful to manage the family’s financial needs, he his somwhat anxious of his children’s quality of education. Yet, Simon lets down Stephen by treating Stephen’s collision with Father Conmee—a triumphant moment in Stephen’s young life—with a â€Å"hearty laugh† (63) with his friends This event makes Stephen to feel degraded and patronized by his elders, thus starts to isolate himself from his father. Prior to analyzing the relationship between Stephen’s isolation to seek for his identity, it is important to note several backgrounds on Ireland. Around the time in which this novel was published, Ireland was colonized by England until April 24, 1916. (Parnell and Davitt) During the period of colonization by the Britain, along with the political tensions between the two nations, there was also a religious tension between the Catholics and the Protestants. Basically, the Catholics, including Joyce, were the Irish who supported Irish independence and contrary to this were the Protestants who wished to continue united with Britain. Fearghal McGarry) By the time Joyce was born, the Irish independence movement—the Fenian Movement—was wide-spreading by an Irish nationalist, Charles Stewart Parnell; however, his longstanding affair with a married woman caught, causing many followers to reject him as a leader and the Catholic church to condemn him. (Parnell and Davitt) This historical event can be seen within the surface of the novel and precisely in the Christmas dinner scene when Stephan’s relatives are discussi ng about politics. To sum up, such humiliating troubles within the country have perhaps caused Stephen to isolate himself from Ireland. In chapter 3, Joyce describes the isolation of the Catholic boy from his home country, Ireland. Stephen, who has been frequenting prostitutes, has lost faith. â€Å"[Stephen’s] soul was fattening an congealing into a gross grease, plunging ever deeper in its dull fear into a somber threatening dusk while the body that was his stood, listless and dishonoured, gazing out of darkened eyes, helpless, perturbed, and human for a bovine god to stare upon,† (98) it says, to show the awareness of Stephen’s sins and his â€Å"dishonoured† body causes this moment of dull horror. Because Stephen feels sinful, it triggers him to dream of hell, â€Å"[a] field of stiff weeds and thistles and tufted nettle-bunches†¦[with] battered canisters and clots and coils of solid excrement. † (120) And the narrator continues, â€Å"An evil smell, faint and foul as the light, curled upwards sluggishly out of the canisters and from the stale crusted dung,† (120) giving the reader grotesque scenery with, â€Å"Goatish creatures with human faces, hornybrowed, lightly bearded and grey as indiarubber†¦[that moves in the field,] hither and thither† (120). The goats wandering in this scene are symbols of animalistic, primal, and bestial culture of Ireland that manipulates the youths with language. As well as the murmuring sounds and the â€Å"soft language† (120) of the goats, the usage of the repetition of â€Å"hither and thither† also represents the hollow voices that are spoken from the adults to Stephen to become an Irishmen. Joyce claims that this culture of Ireland, adults bringing up children with hollow voices, have been rooted long ago and will be everlasting, which can be seen as he describes the goats, â€Å"[moving] in slow circles, circling closer and closer to enclose, †¦their long swishing tail besmeared with stale shite, thrusting upwards their terrific face† (120). Recognizing Ireland as a dead country, Stephen begins to show clear detachment from his country. Stephen’s schoolmate, Mat Davin insists Stephen to become one of â€Å"us†, to declare his Irish nationality and to stop searching for potentials from England and France of artistic muse. In a revealing conversation, Davin asks Stephen if he is even Irish. Here, Davin comprehends an Irishmen as a nationalist who desires Ireland to become independent from England, the colonizer. In other words, Davin means being united with the people rather than standing back from them with a sneer. On the other hand, for Stephen, though, being Irish means being all that he is, containing all the contradictions of a colonized subject. â€Å"The soul is born, [Stephen] said vaguely, first in those moments I told you of. It has a slow and dark birth, more mysterious than the birth of the body. When the soul of a man is born in this country there are nets flung at it to hold it back from flight. You talk to me of nationality, language, religion. I shall try to fly by those nets,† (179) Stephen says, explaining the chances taken he is aware of as an heir in Ireland to his nationalist colleague, Davin. Rather than viewing the Fenian Movement as a potential for artistic inspiration, Stephen inspects the situation of Irish life as a downside. Stephen gradually becomes emotional through this conversation and initiate to treat it quite roughly, as he questions Davin, â€Å" ‘Do you know what Ireland is? asked Stephen with cold violence. Ireland is the old sow that eats her farrow,† (179). Here, Stephan metaphorically stresses that Ireland destroys its won children: a fate he wishes to avoid. Therefore, Ireland’s thwarted sense of nationhood devours Irishmen. To sum up, for Stephen, Ireland is a trap, restricting his independence and identity. In the last sections of the novel, Stephens seems to have settled his mind and ascetics about the world, and ready to isolate himself from his past—family, friends, , Ireland—to gain freedom. When Stephen has a conversion with Cranly, Stephen’s best friend at the university, Stephen says, â€Å"Look here, Cranly, [†¦] you have asked me what I would do and what I would not do. I will tell you wat I will do and what I will not do. I will not serve that in which I no longer believe, whether it call itself my home, my fatherland, or my church: and I will try to express myself in some mode of life or art as freely as I can and as wholly as I can, using for my defense the only arms I allow myself to use – silence, exile, and cunning. (218) Here, finally, Stephen demonstrates a clear and precise understanding of who he is. He is defined by his artistic goals and by his idealistic ambition to be true to his beliefs. While Joyce ends the novel at the point where Stephen departs from Ireland, this may be an interesting question for the reader to consider of: after leaving his country, how will Stephen see his home country when time passes? Work Cited Books †¢ Joyce, James, John Paul. Riquelme, Hans Walter Gabler, and Walter Hettche. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man: Authoritative Text, Backgrounds and Contexts, Criticism. New York: W. W. Norton, 2007. Print. Internet †¢ McGarry, Fearghal. â€Å"The Irish War of Independence aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" A Religious War? Part I. † The Irish War of Independence aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" A Religious War? Part I. WPSHOWER MOODYGUY, 2010. Web. 19 Mar. 2012. . †¢ â€Å"Parnell and Davitt. † Irish Identity. Web. 20 Mar. 2012. . How to cite Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man, Essay examples

Essay for Media Arts Example For Students

Essay for Media Arts A photo that effectively uses the rule of thirds The image in this photograph is a tree during sunset in a field. The tree is leaf-less and the grass is green. The sky is an orange-yellow color. L The message that this image is trying to convey is that during sunset even a dead tree can look beautiful. 3. The message is positive because it depicts the beauty of a dead tree in a beautiful colorful background. 4. This image does not imply any form of bias or stereotype. 5. This is an interesting image for viewers because the tree is dead While the background s full of life. 6. This image does seem unique and formulaic. You need to wait till a certain amount Of time and wait till a certain time Of year in order to take this picture. 7. There is no significance of catholic values in this picture because this is just a landscape. 8. What initially attracted me to this image is the pretty colors in the photograph photo that uses framing elements. 1. The image in this photograph is a window framing nature. The window acts like a frame to the outside world,2, The message that this image is trying to convey is that there is a oral far beyond our houses and it is beautiful. If only you just take the time to look outside then you can find something extraordinary and breath-taking,3. The message is positive because it is encouraging us to look outside our windows to find something beautiful,4. The stereotype is that the inside of a house doesnt hold as much beauty as outside. Sometimes the way a house is furnished can make it very unique and beautiful,S. This is an interesting image because the window acts like a frame for the outside. 6. This image is unique and formulaic cause the photographer took a window and utilized it as a picture frame. 7_ This picture does not reflect any catholic views because it is just a landscaped. What initially attracted me to this image is the fact that the photographer used a simple opinion in a way that framed the outside world like a picture frame. Thought that this was a very thought out and unique idea. A photograph that uses diagonals in the composition. L. What is in this image is a shrub garden on the side Of a mountain. The garden is captured diagonally. 2. I think that the mage that the photographer is trying to communicate to the viewers is that the view from above is interesting because the shrub garden is very round and uniform. 3. The image is positive because shows what a shrub garden looks like from a different perspective. 4. This image does not imply any sort of bias or stereotype. 5. This is an interesting image for the viewers because the view of the shrub garden is interesting to look at from a higher angle because of the interesting shape they have. , This image is very unique and formulaic because he people that took the picture and own the garden had to perfectly shape these bushes and get the right angle in order to show off the unique shape these plants have. 7. The image does not hold any catholic views. 8. What initially attracted me to this image is the shape of the plants and the angle that they are captured. They are very cute and attractive. A photograph that focuses only on t he object}subject in the The image in this photograph is a puppy caught in motion. . Think the image that this photograph is trying to monomaniac to the viewers is that the puppy is very cute and it looks very happy running around. 3. This image is very positive because is an adorable puppy jumping in the air and having fun. It makes you go AWE and makes you feel all warm and happy inside. 4. The bias or stereotype in this picture is that all puppies are cute and adorable (which they This is an interesting picture for viewers because it shows a fluffy cute puppy and it is still in the air. 6. .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127 , .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127 .postImageUrl , .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127 , .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127:hover , .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127:visited , .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127:active { border:0!important; } .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127:active , .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127 .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5ced00db3666a9abdf51605de6f23127:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ottoman empire EssayThis image is unique and formulaic because a puppy in the air is hard to take due to he fact that puppies are wry fast and the pictures would end up blurry. 7. This image does not present any catholic views. 8. The adorable fluffy puppy attracted me to this image. A photograph that sells a product}service. L. The image in this photograph is the Samsung galaxy so. 2. Think that this image is trying to sell the Samsung galaxy 53. 3. The image is positive because it is showing how attractive the Samsung galaxy so is. 4. The bias is that the Samsung galaxy so is the bests. This is an interesting

Social Studies Sba on Alcohol Abuse Essay Example Essay Example

Social Studies Sba on Alcohol Abuse Essay Example Paper ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The successful completion of this study is as a result of the helping hands of numerous individuals. I thank the people of Community X for their massive cooperation in answering the questionnaires given. Also , to my friends, who helped with the distribution of the questionnaires and my family for the giving me the hope and strength to persevere. Lastly, much gratitude is extended to my teacher for guiding me in every step of the way throughout my investigations. Social studies SCHOOL BASED ASSESSEMENT (S. B. A. ) Statement of the Problem What are the causes, effects and solutions of the usage of alcohol amongst individuals of Community X? Method of Investigation I have chosen the questionnaire as a means of collecting data to carry out the survey. The questionnaire has numerous advantages which include the following: Social Studies Sba on Alcohol Abuse Essay Body Paragraphs Instrument used to collect Data Copy Of Questionnaire Survey of alcohol usage among individuals in Community X. Dear Villager, This is a survey being carried out in Community X to determine the level of alcohol usage among individuals in the community. This study I am currently pursuing, is conducted as an assignment for a Social Studies course. I advise you to answer the questions given, truthfully and honestly since you are not required to write names. There are no wrong or right answers as this is not a test. Most answers require a tick in the small boxes provided ; read the questions carefully. Villager’s Questionnaire We will write a custom essay sample on Social Studies Sba on Alcohol Abuse Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Studies Sba on Alcohol Abuse Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Studies Sba on Alcohol Abuse Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1. Sex Male Female 2. What is your occupation? __ 3. To what Ethnic group do you belong? African Descent Chinese Descent Indian Descent Mixed Descent 4. How long have you been a member of Community X? ___ 5. To what age group do you belong? Under 12 12-14 15-16 17-19 6. As a youth, which of the following influences you to consume alcohol? Peer pressure For the fun of it Out of curiosity Depression 7. When do you often consume alcohol? Special Occasions Partying To gain popularity I do not drink alcohol 8. Do problems in the home contribute to students drinking alcohol? Yes No 9. What normally happens when you consume alcoholic beverages? I feel tipsy I feel normal I have headaches I do not drink alcohol 10. How do you think the students of Community X get alcoholic beverages? It is made available at community shops An older sibling/friend is asked to purchase it for them They steal it away They are given the consent 11. What is the most common effect caused by drinking? STD’s Being an alcoholic Having Heart disease Death 12. What effect does known cases of alcohol drinking in Community X, have on the rest of its population? _ . 13. How does alcohol consumption affect a student’s academic performance? They work less Nothing is done They work harder They give up on school 14. Do students who drink alcohol show signs of aggressive behaviour? Yes No 15. What do you suggest to your fellow community members who have already started to drink? Tone down their intake Drink responsibly Stop drinking Seek professional help 16. Should the age of consent for drinking be increased? Yes No 17. Do you think Rehabilitation Centers should be considered for alcoholics? Yes, but it will not be fully effective No, It will not help Let them suffer the consequences Have counsel sessions instead Presentation and Interpretation of Data [pic]Fig 1. The causes of alcohol consumption is simply represented in Fig 1; this figure briefly explains that 45% of the people in Commu nity X consume alcoholic beverages for minor influences as the simple fun and njoyment that comes with the pleasures of drinking. One the other hand, 20% indicate that the partake of the activity as a result of Peer Pressure where individuals, mostly teenagers, drink because they either think it is â€Å"cool† or o prove a point. However, 30% population specified that they â€Å"drink† for the little curiosity of finding out what other individuals get, feel or benefit from it, this being. Mainly just experimenting the activity. A smaller 5% say they drink alcohol because of Depression because alcohol is known to somewhat relieve the stress that causes Depression. pic]Fig2 Whereby the effects of consuming Alcohol are concerned, almost half of the population indicate that no harm is done, as 55% of them feel normal after their intake of the substance. And so, this could be one of the reasons, the level of consumption in the community should be monitored. 5 % of them say they feel tipsy, an eerie felling, that may cause them to intake alcohol regularly. However, a few of them seem to be affected as 10% of the population state that they have headaches which may discourage them to do so. Another 10% indicate that they simply do not drink alcohol, mainly because of religion and other personal reasons. pic]Fig3 In order to manage the level of alcohol usage in Community X. Fig 3 shows that 70% of Its members indicate that the individuals who already drinking, should drink responsibly Suggesting that they should look at the consequences of whether it be becoming an alcoholic or getting drunk. Another 15% say they these individuals should simply tone down their intake of by drinking less of the substance. On the other hand, the remainder of the population , 15%, indicated more drastic measures to the solution. Fig 3 shows that 10% of them say people should just stop drinking while the other 5% believe they should seek professional help. These responses the refore can be interpreted as the respondents knowing someone who drink too much. Procedures Used to Collect Data Community X has an estimated number of 130 individuals; due to calculations, it was discovered that 15% of the population was needed in order to gather possible causes, effects, and solutions to the level of alcohol usage in the community. That is, ( 15% of 130 =20 ) Therefore, a total of 35 questionnaires were distributed with the expectation that at least 20 would be returned. Later, it was decided that the questionnaires be given to random personnel. This resulted in the recording of information on each individual on small pieces of paper, placed in a box, shaken and a total of 35 slips were selected. Therefore, 35 individuals received a copy of the questionnaire, were successfully completed and left in my mailbox 4 Hart Rd. Cheleston Gardens. Findings The survey carried out resulted in numerous interesting discoveries due to the level of alcohol usage in Community X. These state: Alcohol is consumed mainly through social activities where 70% of the individuals indicate that they partake of alcoholic beverages when â€Å"partying†. †¢ The most common effect known caused by drinking is neutral between 1. Becoming an alcoholic 2. Being sexually active at an early age. Which was I therefore observed that the questionnaires have revealed a 50-50% ratio. †¢ The individuals of Community X believe that in order for the level of alcohol be decreased, Rehabilitation Centers should be established. However, all 100% of the people who agree, stated that it will not be fully effective for the common reason that the alcoholics will not endure the necessary procedures that will be required. Recommendations The level of alcohol usage should not be taken lightly, as many young people in Community X are partaking of the activity when are far too young to be drinking. That said, I would recommend to this community that the decreasing level of alcohol us be accomplished through two simple objectives. These objectives include:? Allowing adults of the community to take on leadership qualities whereby they look out for children who they see with alcoholic beverages and hinder them from consuming it. More specifically to shopkeepers, since in recent survey it is proven that most individuals especially children receive alcohol by the availability of such beverages in the community shops. Talk to individuals about drinking as little talks can do great things. There are people who are willing to listen. Parents will see to it that their children go to these sessions and ensure that they understand the dangers of drinking. Pie Chart Showing Causes Of Alcohol Consumption 20% 30% 5% 45% Peer Pressure Out of Curiosity Depression For the fun of it Chart Showing Effects of Alcohol Consumption In Community X. I feel tipsy 25% I have headaches 10% I feel normal 55% I do not drink alcohol 10% I feel tipsy I have headaches I feel normal I do not drink alcohol

The Spectacled Bear Essays - Bears, Spectacled Bear, Tremarctos

The Spectacled Bear Essays - Bears, Spectacled Bear, Tremarctos The Spectacled Bear The Spectacled Bear, or Tremarctos Ornatus, is an endangered species. This rare bear can only be found in a few elusive spots in the world. Many endangered species all over the world don?t deserve the respect and care that they need. That is why many endangered species often become extinct or remain on the endangered species list for the remainder of their survival on Earth. Today, as more species become endangered, more people become involved in their care. Many things are being done to save endangered species, including safe, poacher-free environments in captivity, and wildlife preservations, to name a few. Only a handful of zoos and sanctuaries around the globe are lucky enough to be able to try to breed and care for rare endangered species. The Phoenix Zoo is an example of this. Right now, they have captive many endangered species, including the almost extinct Mexican Wolf and Spectacled Bear. In their newest exhibit, called ?The Forest of Uco,? the Phoenix Zoo has Spectacled bears and other animals from South America, the Spectacled Bears? homeland. The Forest is a great place for the Spectacled Bears to exist, and a great place for everyone to observe their beauty. The Spectacled Bear?s name is derived from their markings. Around their eyes, the Spectacled Bear has white rings, contrasting with their dark brown bodies. These look like spectacles, hence the name. Though it is quite easy to see why they got their name, the Spectacled bears do not live up to it so strongly. When observed closely, Spectacled Bears, in most cases, don?t have spectacles at all. In fact, most Spectacled Bears have white ?sideburns? or faint rings. They are a beautiful species, no matter what the extent of their markings is. Spectacled Bears belong to the class Mammalia, order Carnivora, family Ursidae, and genus/species Tremarctos Ornatus. All bears belong to Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae, and the genus Ursus Linnaeus. These are the scientific names for the Spectacled Bear and all bears. The Spectacled Bear is not a relatively big bear, but is decent in size. Its body length is, on average, 6 ft in head and body length, with a tail length of 70 mm. The bears weigh in at about 300lbs (fully grown male). They stand about 30 in at the shoulders. The Spectacled Bear is vividly and beautifully colored. Their fur is black-brown, with lighter tones towards their chest and neck. Their muzzle is mostly light brown to red, and white. Of course, their face is gorgeously decorated. It has thin white bands that wrap around it eyes and muzzle. These markings are quite easy to recognize and identify. Spectacled Bears have a very limited diet. They feed largely on plant matter, including leaves, shoots, fruits and roots. In Ecuador, the Bear?s main source of plant matter is the Pambili Palm Tree. The bear climbs to the top of the tree, and strips it of its leaves, which fall to the ground. The bear then dismounts the tree and it eats the fallen leaves. Also, the bear will tear open the green flesh of young palms in order to reach the tender pith inside. It feeds on the buds of the tree, too. In the northern reaches of Peru, the bear feeds mostly on the fruits of a species called Capparis. Though mostly vegetarian, there have been cases of the Spectacled Bear feeding on meat. In the wild, it has been recorded that the Spectacled Bear will, if necessary, feed on deer, guanacos, and vicunas. Also, the Bear will eat meat in captivity if necessary. The bear will feed on small rodents such as rats and insects, to deer and wild boar. When hungry, the bear loves corn, but will often pay the price of his life to farmers, whose crops the bears will raid. Although the bear is a predator, it is not known to be prey to any larger animals. The Spectacled Bear is native to South America. There are many different countries and regions that it spans, but it mainly occupies the northern regions of Chile and the southern regions of Bolivia and Peru. Though these are the bears? common home, it has been found as

Profiles of Famous Black Scientists

Profiles of Famous Black Scientists Black scientists, engineers, and inventors have made important contributions to society. These profiles of famous people will help you learn about black scientists, engineers, inventors and their projects. Key Takeaways: Famous Black Scientists Famous black scientists include Mae Jemison, George Washington Carver, and Charles Drew.Although these scientists often faced discrimination, both men and women made significant contributions to science.Black scientists were innovators, inventors, and pioneers who made astounding discoveries. Patricia Bath In 1988, Patricia Bath invented the Cataract Laser Probe, a device that painlessly removes cataracts. Prior to this invention, cataracts were surgically removed. Patricia Bath founded the American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness. In 1988, Patricia Bath invented the Cataract Laser Probe, a device that painlessly removes cataracts. Prior to this invention, cataracts were surgically removed. Patricia Bath founded the American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness. Melvin Oatis and Dr. Patricia Bath attend TIME Celebrates FIRSTS on September 12, 2017 in New York City. Ben Gabbe / Getty Images George Washington Carver George Washington Carver was an agricultural chemist who discovered industrial uses for crop plants such as sweet potatoes, peanuts, and soybeans. He developed methods for improving the soil. Carver recognized that legumes return nitrates to the soil. His work led to crop rotation. Carver was born a slave in Missouri. He struggled to gain an education, eventually graduating from what was to become Iowa State University. He joined the faculty of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in 1986. Tuskegee is where he performed his famous experiments. George Washington Carver in Laboratory. Corbis via Getty Images / Getty Images Marie Daly In 1947, Marie Daly became the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry. The majority of her career was spent as a college professor. In addition to her research, she developed programs to attract and aid minority students in medical and graduate school. Mae Jemison Mae Jemison is a retired medical doctor and American astronaut. In 1992, she became the first black woman in space. She holds a degree in chemical engineering from Stanford and a degree in medicine from Cornell. She remains very active in science and technology. Mae Jemison speaks to students at Woodrow Wilson High School on March 19, 2009 in Washington, DC. Brendan Hoffman / Getty Images Percy Julian Percy Julian developed the anti-glaucoma drug physostigmine. Dr. Julian was born in Montgomery, Alabama, but educational opportunities for African Americans were limited in the South at that time, so he received his undergraduate degree from DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana. His research was conducted at DePauw University. Samuel Massie Jr. In 1966, Massie became the first black professor at the U.S. Naval Academy, making him the first black to teach full-time at any US military academy. Massie received a masters degree in chemistry from Fisk University and a doctorate in organic chemistry from Iowa State University. Massie was a professor of chemistry at the Naval Academy, became the chairman of the department of chemistry and co-founded the Black Studies program. Garrett Morgan Garrett Morgan is responsible for several inventions. Garret Morgan was born in Paris, Kentucky in 1877. His first invention was a hair straightening solution. October 13, 1914, he patented a Breathing Device which was the first gas mask. The patent described a hood attached to a long tube that had an opening for air and the second tube with a valve that allowed air to be exhaled. On November 20, 1923, Morgan patented the first traffic signal in the U.S. He later patented the traffic signal in England and Canada. Norbert Rillieux Norbert Rillieux invented a revolutionary new process for refining sugar. Rillieux’s most famous invention was a multiple effect evaporator, which harnessed steam energy from boiling sugarcane juice, greatly reducing refining costs. One of Rillieuxs patents was initially declined because it was believed he was a slave and therefore not a US citizen (Rillieux was free). Katherine Johnson Katherine Johnson (born August 26, 1918) made major contributions to the United States space program in the field of digital electronic computers. The book and movie Hidden Figures feature the significance of her work. Katherine Johnson (middle) at the 89th Annual Academy Awards. FilmMagic / Getty Images James West James West (born February 10, 1931) invented the microphone in the 1960s. He holds 47 US patents and over 200 foreign patents for microphones and polymer foil electrets. Wests transducers are used in over 90 percent of microphones in use today. Ernest Everett Just Ernest Just (1883-1941) was an African-American scientist and teacher. He pioneered research into cell development and fertilization. Benjamin Banneker Benjamin Banneker (1731-1806) was a self-educated astronomer and mathematician. He surveyed the land that became the nations capitol. Banneker exchanged letters with Thomas Jefferson to further the cause of racial equality.

Article Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Article Review - Essay Example egal business issues raised in SOX Act include corporate and accounting scandals,corporate board responsibilities,criminal penalties,auditor independence,internal control assessment,corporate fraud accountability,financial disclosure and corporate governance. This legal issues in the SOX Act require Securities and Exchange Commission to implement rulings on requirements to comply the law Holt (2008). According to Holt (2008) the SOX Act may affect ethical decision making in today’s business environment positively by improving the confidence and behaviours of investors with regard to the uprightness of corporate financial statements. The SOX Act introduced a regulatory business environment into the United states financial markets hence the investors are safe to conduct their businesses without corrupt business practices. Weak corporate governance procedures made had made it impossible for businesses to grow but with the enactment of the SOX Act this problem was reduced. Other legal issues that affected businesses prior to the SOX Act are auditor conflicts of interest,boardroom failures and inadequate funding from the Securities Exchange Commission. These problems were however solved with the anactment of the SOX Act. The act had a code of conduct containing requirements regarding corpoarte governace,financial practices, criminal penalties for those who violate the rules and accounting controls. The SOX Act provides criminal penalties for influencing United States agency investigation. Section 802 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act states that anyboby who destroys or makes a false entry in any record or document with the intent to influence proper administration of any matter within the jurisdiction of any department of the United States or any case filed under title 11,shall be fined or imprisoned not more than 20 years,or both. Other criminal penalties are taken against corporate officers who fail to certify financial statements and reports and those that harm others

Revenue Drivers and Overview of the Strategies at Google Term Paper

Revenue Drivers and Overview of the Strategies at Google - Term Paper Example Google with it revenues reported at $3.21 billion for the quarter ending at December 31, 2006, an increase of 67% compared to the 4th quarter of 2005, this company is fast growing with its philosophy of delivering more than what is expected. Google on its expansion spree in the international front has led them to gain access to new partners and growing, thereby delivering targeted and measurable ads. Positioning helps a company create a perception in the minds of the target audience in the market amidst its competitors. Google s positioning comes across evidently in the philosophy of focusing on their end user by using simple interfaces protecting the privacy of the individual and having advertising restricted only ones relevant to the search. The ability to customize Google in over 100 languages shows their continuous improvement in the quality of service making Google more accessible for a variety of people. 1. Target Audience: Google is a high-quality service which can be availed by anybody who is seeking information that can be accessed from anywhere. They now have broadened their target segment by introducing customized homepages in several languages. 2. Defining the service: The Company believes in providing its audience with an experience redefining the way individuals, businesses and technologists use the Internet. The service examines a whole host of web pages to return relevant information of one's search. ...From Images to phone numbers to airline flight info to categories in the Open Directory to a spell checker to translating web pages, Google makes a perfect search engine sometimes even categorizing adult content.3. Target Audience perception: The millions of users now perceive 'life to be a Google query'.4. Competitive positioning: Custom libraries created by Google help them cut down their cost by about 50% thus making them more productive than their closest competitors like Amazon, eBay, Microsoft, and Yahoo. As a result of its superior technology systems, competitors need to spend 4 times as much to catch up.  

Don Haskins on Racism Essay Example for Free

Don Haskins on Racism Essay The final buzzer rang off in Maryland’s Cole Field House basketball court. Many watched a game of Texas Western Miners and Kentucky Wildcats on March 19th, 1966, and yet most didn’t realize they just witnessed sports ethics redefine itself. It was a championship, an all or nothing statement for the players of Texas Western. The coach of the Miners, Don Haskins, had just won the NCAA title with five African American starters. They won a mere sports game, but it would prove to be much more than that. A hero of integration, Haskins revolutionized college basketball by the way he indentified a player, by skill and not color. The 1960’s was a time of many cultural controversies that aspired to what America is today. It was not only about Vietnam, the hippie escapades, or the latest eight-track of the Beatles. The decade has been dubbed the civil rights era. Culture was starting to see African American integration from the help of civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks. However not all heroes are recognized immediately, and Don Haskins, whether he planned it or not, helped pave the way to equality in sports. Before Haskins started to coach at Texas Western, the college recruited and played African Americans when it was typical for teams to have full-white roster and oppose integration into basketball (Schecter, 1998). No one imagined the day when five blacks would start at a pre-dominantly white college. Many whites actually did not want to have African Americans on their team at all in fear that it would cause integration through all civil aspects. Frank. Fritzpatrick, author of And the Walls Came Tumbling Down, concurs, â€Å"When Negroes and whites meet on the athletic fields on a basis of complete equality, it is only natural that this sense of equality carries into the daily living of these people† (1999). Once they got on the court, the blacks were still held back and treated unfairly. One of the seven black Miner players, Harry Flournoy, stated â€Å"All the best players on the team were black, but there was this unspoken rule that no more than three blacks could play at once. It was rough, but that’s the way it was† (Schecter, 1998). However, once Haskins came to Texas Western he followed its footsteps of recruiting black players; he sought out only the best players while ignoring the color of the players’ skin. Gathering players around the country, Haskins found skilled African Americans such as David Lattin, Harry Flournoy, and the five other players of 1966 title game. Fitzpatrick explains â€Å"they wound up being the core players for a basketball backwater team from El Paso that would force the all-white team from â€Å"pedigreed Kentucky† to crack† (1999). For four years, Haskins coached the Miners and played black players. With the fifth season being wildly successful, Haskins struck awe in white crowds as he started all black players in the championship. I remember walking out that night listening to the Kentucky fans saying, We have to get some of them,' today’s Maryland coach Gary Williams said. Thats what they called the black players ‘them’ but they had to admit that they could play. Haskins changed the game of basketball when he started those five black players. Whether he knew that it was going to change civil rights from then on, he played them to prove Kentucky Coach Adolph Rupp wrong. â€Å"Coach Haskins told us that Rupp has said in a press conference before the game that five black players couldn’t defeat five white players. Coach Haskins decided only the African American players would play that night, said Litten. † (Championing Divsersity, 2006). Contrary to the public eye, Haskins stated I wasnt trying to make a statement, he often said about beating Kentucky. I was trying to win a game. However, Feinstein argues, â€Å" of course he was trying to make a statement. But Haskins had made it long before that night. Hed made it when he got to Texas Western in 1961 and began recruiting black players from everywhere† (2008). Some believe that night did not move Americans until it was brought up years later. Lattin just wanted to win a title, but neither he nor Haskins could have guessed it would help alter history. It never seemed to cross their minds until approached later as addressed in this newspaper article, â€Å" ‘it wasn’t a big, overwhelming event until years later when people looked back and said it was the sports equivalent of the board of education decision. The racial connotations and overtones weren’t really played out all that much at the time but I still think it was one of the most notable games I ever covered’, said photographer Rick Clarkson. †(Championing Diversity, 2006). With there being truth in what Clarkson said, it did not take until the event’s movie, Glory Road, for integration to ensue in the NCAA. Haskins and the Miners pushed the motion ever further that March night. â€Å"If you want to get down to the facts, we were more white-oriented than any of the other teams. We played the most intelligent, the most boring, and the most disciplined game of them all† (Fitzpatrick, 1999). No one could have said it better then the Miner’s Willie Worsley. They deserved the title. Haskins set out to be a basketball coach, not a hero. He recruited the best players he could find, knowing others would object their presence, but didnt care. Haskins wanted to win.

Stress Types Essay -- Papers Exploratory Stressing Problems Essays

Stress Types There are three types of stress that will be explained. At various times in our lives, one or more of these stresses may overcome us. The first of these is ?Type A? stress, which is both foreseeable and avoidable. For example, going on a roller coaster is both foreseeable and avoidable, thus, it is considered a ?Type A? stress. A ?Type B? stress is defined as something that is neither foreseeable nor avoidable. A good example of this is being hit by a baseball while watching the game. The last type of these stresses is called ?Type C? stress, and is defined as stress that is foreseeable, but not avoidable. A good example of this would be a teenager staying out too late and knowing that when she comes home, she will get into trouble with her parents. At certain times in our life, such as marriage, we may be confronted with ?Type A? stress (foreseeable and avoidable). We know, of course, that when we get married, we will have to endure this added stress. It is foreseeable because we know whether or not we will ask someone to marry us. It is avoidable because you ...

Boston Beer Analysis

Matthew Schreck Management 511: Financial Decision Making Boston Beer Company April 18, 2013 Amelia Drobile Boston Beer Company History and Financial Position Boston Beer Company (SAM) is a brewery in Massachusetts most commonly known for its Samuel Adams line of â€Å"craft† beers. The Samuel Adams line of beer was introduced in 1985. Since then the company has grown to do over 580 million dollars in revenue each year. 580 million is a very small piece of the food and beverage industry but the amount of shareholder wealth they are providing is impressive.Boston Beer Company has been named one of the top publically traded businesses to watch in 2013 by Forbes. Boston Beer Company is actually part of two markets. In the overall U. S. Beer market they have a mere one percent of the market. However, they own 22% of the craft beer market. In their industry, 66% of those competing in the craft brew market are brewpubs, which generally do not do mass distribution giving Boston Beer Company an edge. (Smith, 2011) Boston Beer Company has one major difference from its competitors. The company has no debt.The entire company runs on cash even though they have a 50 million dollar line of credit available to them, which they have never used. The company purchased Diageo’s Pennsylvania Brewery in June of 2008 for 55 million dollars cash so that they could produce 100% of their product without having to subcontract larger orders out. Boston Beer Company is capitalized with no bonds or preferred stock, only 13. 6 million shares of common stock. (Smith, 2011) Boston Beer Company’s cost of capital is 6. 60% since their weighted cost of equity is 6. 60% and their weighted cost of debt is 0. 00%. Market Grader Inc. , 2013) Price to Revenue Ratio (Price to Sales) Boston Beer Company’s price to revenue ratio (TTM) is 3. 54 The price to revenue ratio is usually applied in place of the price to earnings ratio. This ratio is usually applied to companies with in the same industry, however it excludes debt and expenses so the information the ratio provides is limited. Price to Cash Flow Ratio The current price to cash flow ratio for Boston Beer Company is 25. 76. The price to cash flow ratio is used to evaluate the price of a company’s stock as compared to the amount of cash flow it generates.The price to cash flow ratio is important for one main reason, it allows the comparison of companies from different jurisdictions because it removes depreciation (which may vary by country) and other non-cash factors. Therefore, it would allow an investor to compare Boston Beer Company’s stock to that of AB InBev along similar financial values. Price to Book Ratio (MRQ) The price to book ratio for Boston Beer Company is 8. 34. The price to book ratio measures a company’s market value in comparison to its book value.The price to book ratio indicates whether or not a company’s asset value is comparable to the market price of it’s stock. Because the price to book ratio for Boston Beer Company is well over one it may be an indicator that the stock is overvalued. An over valued stock for Boston Beer Company could imply the rapid decline in stock value in the near future, especially since the stock has climbed almost 25% in the last quarter alone. With the book value ratio as high as it is, a drop in stock price seems likely in the near future. Current Ratio (MRQ) Boston Beer Company’s current ratio is 1. 83.Current ratio is defined by a company’s current assets divided by is current liabilities. A company’s current ratio is a liquidity ratio that measures a company’s ability to pay short-term obligations. This ratio also takes into account inventory as current assets, although it may easily be converted into cash quickly. Because Boston Beer Company’s ratio is well over one, it means they have the assets and cash flows available to pay off any immediate debt shoul d it be made due. The company’s amount of inventory provides a great deal of assets that makes the company much more liquid when this formula is used.Quick Ratio (MRQ) The quick ratio for Boston Beer Company is 1. 33. A company’s quick ratio is an indicator of a company’s short-term liquidity. This ratio is a more conservative form of the current ratio because it does not take into account inventory of the company when determining its current assets. Boston Beer Company still has a favorable ratio well above 1. 0. While their current ratio is much better with all the inventory, Boston Beer Company is still a reliable company that can pay off its short term debts if need be. Measuring ReturnsPrimary Stakeholders Boston Beer Company has five primary stakeholders within company, Martin F. Roper (President and CEO), C. James Koch (Founder and Chairman), William F. Urich (CFO and Treasurer), John C. Geist (Vice President of Sales), and Thomas W. Lance (Vice President of Operations). Of the five of them C. James Koch holds more than 34% of the shares and is the sole holder of the class B common stock that gives him the right to appoint five of the eight members that are chosen to be on the board as seen in the following quote from the 2013 Proxy Statement. At the Annual Meeting you will be asked to elect three Class A Directors and cast an advisory vote on executive compensation. As the sole holder of Class B Common Stock, I will elect five Class B Directors and cast a vote to ratify the selection of our independent registered public accounting firm. † (Boston Beer Company, Inc. , 2013) While Koch may have stepped down from CEO in 2001 he has maintained a great interest in his company and has positioned himself to have great control over the Company with his position as Chairman of the Board.His actions and goals are seen laid out in all of the company’s press releases and the company is continuing to be grown and maintained the sam e as it always has been with the exception of Boston Beer Company running its own breweries instead of subcontracting out their orders. Capital Budgeting Boston Beer Company runs just like any cash business. They have no money tied up in debt and any investment they make is paid for in cash. There is an upside and downside to this method of running a company.On the upside, the company is very liquid, meaning they can pay for most investments on the spot without accruing any debt. However, no debt might deter some investors from buying into the company. Having no debt throws off a company’s ratios in comparison with other companies within the industry and can make it difficult for investors to trust in the company. A typical investment for Boston Beer Company would be opening a new brewery or purchasing an existing one to help the company keep up with the demands for their products.The acquisition of the Diageo brewery 60 miles outside of Philadelphia in 2008 was the companyâ €™s most recent investment. Since the purchase, Boston Beer Company has been pouring tens of millions of dollars into the facility that used to employ 220 people to make Smirnoff and now employs 260 people to brew Sam Adams. â€Å"Boston Beer's Breinigsville facility employs 260, up from 220 workers when the plant was purchased from Diageo. † (Richardson, 2012) Boston Beer Company now has three breweries.They are located in Cincinnati, Ohio, Breinigsville, Pennsylvania, and Boston, Massachusetts. Boston Beer Company has been weary to invest in the western half of the U. S. because they believe the craft beer market is oversaturated and they will not have much success, however, some market specialists believe they should do a trial batch with a brewery in the western market and measure real results. The only real measure of value for Boston Beer is the volume being sold. Boston Beer used to lease brewery locations in order to brew according to their demand.Within the last five years the demands for craft beers have grown significantly especially among the younger alcohol consuming demographic that is looking for something more the generic beer taste of the three big beer companies, Anheuser Busch InBev, MillerCoors, and Pabst. Boston Beer Company no longer has the need to lease other breweries after the purchase of the Diageo brewery. Now that they have the capacity to brew their own beer and staff accordingly Boston Beer Company has not only added value to the company, but have positioned them self to expand as the demands for their products continue to increase.The only place that Boston Beer Company seems to be struggling with is the money that they are leaving sit idle. While the company is very profitable and is run as a cash business, some of their cash flows could be invested to generate a better return than they are currently getting. Strategy and Governance The Boston Beer Company is currently governed by a board consisting of eight members. The board consists of C. James Koch, David A. Burwick, Pearson C. Cummin III, Cynthia A. Fisher, Jay Margolis, Martin F. Roper, Gregg A. Tanner, and Jean-Michael Valette.The board has a committee that reviews the current members of the board at least annually and determines what characteristics and skills should be sought in new board members to be elected. Board members for the Boston Beer Company board members are asked to limit the number of boards they are on in order to keep them focused. â€Å"The Chairman of the Board and the Chairman of the Nominating/Governance Committee should be advised in advance of a director’s intention to accept an invitation to serve on another board† (Boston Beer Company, Inc. , 2013) ManagementBoston Beer Company’s executives have deep roots within the company. C. James Koch founded the company in 1984 and was Chief Executive Officer up until 2001 when he stepped down and became Chairman of the Board. Martin F. Roper the Presi dent and Chief Executive Officer replaced C. James Koch as CEO in 2001. Martin F. Roper has been with the company since 1994 when he was hired as Vice President of Operations. In 1997 he became Chief Operating Officer and in 1999 he became the President of Boston Beer Company. William F. Urich is the CFO and Treasurer since 2003. Before joining Boston Beer Company Mr.Urich served as Vice President of Finance and Business Development for United Distilleries & Vinters from 1998 to 2000. From 2001 to 2003 Mr. Urich was Chief Financial Officer for Acirca, Inc. John C. Geist, the Vice President of Sales has been with the company since 1998 when he was first brought on as the National Sales Manager. He was made Vice President of Sales in February of 2007. David L. Grinell has been the Vice President of Brewing since 2008. Prior to that he started working as the Manager of Brewing Operations in 1988 before being promoted to Director of Brewing and Quality in 2001.The Vice president of Oper ations, Thomas W. Lance, joined the company in 2007 after leaving the Executive Vice President of Operations position at Ken’s Foods. A position which he held for five years. Ai-Li Lim is the Vice President of Human Resources. She joined the company in February of 2012 after leaving Vistaprint USA, Inc. as Senior Director of Human Resources. Robert P. Pagano, the Vice President of Brand Development joined the company in 2011. Prior to joining Boston Beer Company Mr. Pagano was the Managing Director at the brand strategy firm, Red Sky Insights, LLC, for five years. Kathleen H.Wade is the Vice President-Legal and Corporate Secretary. She joined the company in 1999 as Corporate Legal Director and Corporate Secretary. She became Secretary of the company in 2010 and was appointed to the vice president position in 2012. Average Ceo Compensation In This Industry Industry Range Salary686. 8K Bonus871. 2K Total Short Term Compensation1. 0M Total Value of Options4. 9M Key Executive Com pensation Boston Beer Company, Inc. SAM Name/Title 20082009201020112012 Key Executive Compensation10,037,7063,868,6674,181,5019,897,5693,718,707 Martin F. Roper/President and Chief Executive Officer ,415,9181,049,3031,094,238933,8181,052,493 William F. Urich/Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer 834,313766,768938,3183,437,998599,363 C. James Koch/Chairman of the Board 589,496546,005836,895754,163817,949 Thomas W. Lance/Vice President, Operations 449,636858,643479,857693,401721,454 John C. Geist/Vice President, Sales 748,343647,948832,1934,078,189527,448 *A publicly-traded company is only required to disclose information concerning the amount and type of compensation paid to its CEO, CFO, and the three other most highly compensated executive officers in a given year.Information about compensation for these individuals may be unavailable in prior years if they were not in their current roles or did not qualify as among the most highly compensated officers at the time. (MorningStar, 20 13) For the most part Boston Beer Company pays below the industry average with the exception of the executive bonuses that certain members of upper management received for reaching certain sales goals. Boston Beer Company is not nearly as large as the other beer conglomerates so it is expected that their executive compensation would be to scale.Corporate Social Responsibility Boston Beer Company’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) is heavily mandated by the government. Because they deal in the alcoholic beverage industry there are numerous amounts of taxes and laws restricting their advertising and sales. â€Å"The alcoholic beverage industry is regulated by federal, state and local governments. These regulations govern the production and distribution of alcoholic beverages, including permitting, licensing, marketing and advertising, distributor relationships, sales, environmental, and occupational health and safety issues.To operate its breweries, the Company must obtai n and maintain numerous permits, licenses and approvals from various governmental agencies, including the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, the Food and Drug Administration, state alcohol regulatory agencies and state and federal environmental agencies. † (Boston Beer Company, Inc. , 2013) Growth and Opportunity Boston Beer Company has grown significantly in the last decade. It has grown organically through increasing sales and demand from their marketing campaigns.It has also grown a great deal through acquiring two more breweries, one in Ohio and one in Pennsylvania in addition to the original Massachusetts brewery. Boston Beer Company is known primarily for its Samuel Adams line of â€Å"craft† beers however they also compete in other segments of the alcoholic beverage industry for those that don’t prefer beer. Boston Beer Company also makes Twisted Tea and Angry Orchard Cider. The concept of making several types of beverages allows Boston Beer Company to be more diversified and attract more sales by appealing to a larger demographic by providing a wider selection of products.Boston Beer Company has what most market analysts would call a â€Å"niche market†, meaning they will never produce a large scale generic beer like the big three beer companies (Anheuser Busch InBev, Miller, and Coors). So the need to diversify is not a necessity for survival or growth for the Boston Beer Company. Of the three major lines of alcoholic beverages the company produces, there are 56 varieties of them combined. Boston Beer Company essentially has it’s own market because 66% of their competitors are brewpubs that do not mass distribute. The only thing limiting Boston Beer Company other than its sales are it’s distribution network.Since the firm operates entirely on cash the value of the company has skyrocketed. Boston Beer Company has plenty of capital to reinvest in itself and increase shareholder wealth all while maintaining a balance sheet with minimal debt. Boston Beer has grown by leaps and bounds over the last decade, which is reflected by their total sales, volume of product produced (measured in barrels), and price per share, which is currently leveling out around $166. 00 per share. While companies like Anheuser Busch InBev have a much larger market cap (157. 93B) compared to Boston Beer Company (2. 1B), Anheuser Busch InBev’s price per share is only $98. 78. The overall value to the shareholders for Boston Beer Company is much greater because of the way the business operates and finances its investments. The company finances everything without debt controlling the company’s resources carefully and allowing rapid growth. Boston Beer Company will be one of the premiere firms to watch over the next decade to see how they will combat the much larger competitors within the industry as they try to compete in the craft beer market. References Smith, B. (2011, August 30). Buffett-Munger S creener Highlight – Boston Beer Company (Sam).Retrieved from Guru Focus website: http://www. gurufocus. com/news/144123/buffettmunger-screener-highlight–boston-beer-company-sam Market Grader Inc. (2013, March 30). Boston Beer Co. , Inc.. Retrieved from Market Grader Inc website: http://www. marketgrader. com/MG. Services/servlet/pdf. PDFServer? ticker=SAM Boston Beer Company, Inc. (2013). Proxy Statement 2013. Retrieved from Boston Beer Company website: http://www. bostonbeer. com/phoenix. zhtml? c=69432&p=irol-overview Richardson, T. (2012, January 27). Boston Beer pouring millions into Lehigh Valley. Retrieved from The Morning Call Website: http://articles. mcall. om/2012-01-27/business/mc-allentown-boston-beer-20120127_1_craft-beers-samuel-adams-beer-yuengling Boston Beer Company, Inc. (2013) Corporate Governance Guidelines. Retrieved from Boston Beer Company website: http://www. bostonbeer. com/phoenix. zhtml? c=69432&p=irol-governance MorningStar. (2013, April 18) . Boston Beer Company, Inc. Class A (SAM). Retrieved from MorningStar website: http://insiders. morningstar. com/trading/executive-compensation. action? t=SAM Boston Beer Company, Inc. (2012) 10-K Annual Report 2012. Retrieved from Boston Beer Company website: http://www. bostonbeer. com/phoenix. zhtml? c=69432&p=irol-overview

Central Evaluation Unit Essay

The XIII Directorate of the European Union has a Central Evaluation Unit (CEU) which is tasked with evaluation of applications for grants from academics under its â€Å"cooperation and foundations† scheme. This scheme distributed relatively small grants to fund cooperative research between universities in the EU. All applications were sent to the CEU’s processing unit (CEUPU) by university liaison officers (ULOs) who are based in around 150 universities. The process flow of the CEUPU can be shown in the following page. As can be seen, the turnaround time can be shortened even more if the checkers will have direct access to the ULOs and coordination done directly. This can be achieved by use of email with the secretaries just copy-furnished. Also, the document tracking can be automated so that everyone knows where the documents are at any given time, using the identifier code that has been established for each application. In all, the application will be handled by the following people: 1. The ULOs who receive it and send to CEU. 2. Receipt clerk that checks that forms are complete. 3. Coding staff – set up a unique identifier for the application, encodes the data in the system. 4. Senior secretary that assigns the application to the next available checker. 5. Checker assesses the application. Half of the time, there is a need for additional information or data, and this must be conveyed to the secretary. 6. Secretary sends a query to the ULO 7. ULO secures the info from the applicant and sends back to secretary 8. Secretary sends to checker assigned 9. Checker decides 10. Auditor composes and sends acceptance/rejection letter. The problem of the CEUPU process is that there are too many steps and people involved in the process. First, the process can be automated and the application documents scanned. Then, the file can be sent electronically to the checkers so that they can be evaluated. Direct communication by the checkers to the ULO can be made for any inquiries/ additional data needed. Auditors prepare the acceptance or rejection documents ULOs receive application for grants Additional info and requirements sent back Request letter sent File sent to secretary who then makes a request for the collection of any information missing or additional information required Yes NO Checker evaluates the application Decision is made by the checkers to accept or reject Additional information needed? Senior secretary of the checkers assigns file to the next available checker 8 receipts clerks check each application for completeness of all necessary forms Applications arrive from 150 ULOs, placed in the â€Å"in-tray† NO YES Pro forma front sheet attached to documents 2 clerks place identifier on the form and encode it into the information system COMPLETE?

Western-style Boarding Schools in China Essays

Western-style Boarding Schools in China Essays Western-style Boarding Schools in China Essay Western-style Boarding Schools in China Essay In numerous Asian nations, especially those of the previous British Commonwealth,Western-styleboarding schools have for quite some time been prevalent. British families living abroad sent their children to boarding schools to guarantee that they got continuous education inside of the British curriculum. Some of those foundations are set amongst the worlds most prestigious boarding schools;(Yumei, Y. 2008. 32). Be that as it may, the eastbound move of;first;class, name brand Western boarding schools is a recent wonder. There appears to have been little issue filling spaces. Western boarding schools popularity parallels the rise sought after for first class, name brand tertiary education in nations such as China, where an expandingwhite collarclass are moreworried withtheir youngsters accepting a degree from a particular college. In order to completely execute the state technique, it is important to enhance both the students ideologies and the political qualities, and also encourage the structure and argumentation of Maoist determination, so as to help accomplish Maoist modernization in China(Zarrow, P. and Bailey, P, 1993. 65). At the point when authorities everywhere throughout the nation dispatched another attempt to absorb popular culture into the school curriculum, what remained unaltered was thevigourwith which the state dependablyendeavouredto changemainstreamculture into something, including a political belief system or an incorporation of communist and Confucian educational standards. There are three groups of communications and encounters of concern: a) The joining of the collaboration of comrade quality education and unconventional propensities of general culture; b) Ordinary Chinese values and the negative effect of ordinary culture; c) The connections between teachers and students, and also between schools towards popular culture during class work (Cortazzi Jin, 1996a). The liaison amid mainstream culture, national education, Confucian education and conventional society is dictated by the force applied by the state. Despite the fact that the utilization of popular culture has become to be basic in not only class and energetic education, but also Confucianism, learning customary Chinese society have all been taken as structures for educational improvements. Considering the educational expenses, parents in China have as of late demonstrated a desire to send their children abroad to boarding schools. Be that as it may, for an expanding number of families, enrolling their children at a branch of aworld classschool can be less costly when the expenses of going to different nations and subordinate costs are considered. The Chinese are the biggest gathering of overseas students in numerous nations, including the UK and US. So far a large portion of theseareself-subsidized (i.e. family subsidized) postgraduate students, generally taking MA degrees. The Paradox of the Chinese Learner Western educators working in a Western social environment were inclined to take a fairly dismissive view towards Chinese students upon their arrival in significant numbers. Thus there were remarks, for example, So far as Far Eastern students are concerned it is a truism that, raised in a conformist educational system, they are happier with memorizing and reproducing information than with problem-oriented and more active teaching strategies. (Harris, 1995: 87 quoted by Ramburuth, 2000: n.p.) and: Thisapproach of coursepromotes surface or reproductive learning, which is at variancewith officially encouraged teaching innovations which utilize participative methods and problem-solving strategies to ensure deep transformational learning. (Harris, 1995: 78). There was an intense conflict between the Confucian and the western learning style in the range of English dialect educating. A bigger number of Chinese students started to travel out abroad for the English-style education system, yet it all started with the Western tutors educating the English language on the Chinese college soils. Western, transcendently Anglo-Saxon, educators believed that the open methodology was the right approach to tutor a remote language, yet they argued that Chinese education was all the while trying to utilize a version of the old sentence structure interpretation strategy (Ramburuth, 2001). The improvement of this sort of educating was the consequence of various variables in the West. One was that expanded travel set a premium on talking and listening aptitudes. Another was the need to make the subject fun so as to persuade a more extensive capacity scope of students to draw in with a branch of knowledge with a notoriety for being troublesome. InChinain any case, students did not flourish in this informative environment. There were numerous explanations behind this. They included physical impediments, for example, extensive class sizes of fifty students or more and little equipment. Aside from such physical confinements there were more profound social components. It was found that the progressions that had happened in the West after the Second World War had not taken put in China. These progressions can be described as student focused learning, peer-learning, the improvement of a more casual and vote based classroom environment, with advanced education students at any rate urged to consider educators to be partners or companions and work on a first name premise. Educators got to be facilitators instead of purveyors of information. The absence of accomplishment of eras of students in troublesome subjects, for example, arithmetic would be cured by supplanting an educator focused society of information in light of the careless memorisation and utilization of formulae by a learner-focused society of comprehension in light of individual disclosure. Disappointments in dialect learning were put down to motivational issues: dialect learning ought to be functional, stres sing correspondence, not scholarly study established in syntactic examination. Western educators in China found impressive imperviousness to informative instructing strategies. They saw Chinese students as latent learners dependent on repetition realizing who were unwilling to draw in with associate learning bunch exercises and unwilling to start banter with the educator, two staples of the Western learning framework. Watkins and Biggs (2001) termed this circumstance the Catch 22 of the Chinese learner as they investigated the reasons why Chinese learners appear, to Western critics, to face second rate inputs yet deliver predominant results. Specifically they explained the paradox as follows: 1. Students from Confucian-heritage cultures (CHC) such as China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Korea and Japan, are taught in classroom conditions that in terms of Western Standards cannot be conducive to good learning: large classes, expository methods, relentless norm-referenced assessment, and harsh classroom climate. Yet, CHC students outperform Western students, at least in science and mathematics, and have deeper, meaning-oriented, approaches to learning. 2. A particular aspect of this paradox is the relationship between memorizing and understanding. CHC students are perceived as passive rote learners, yet show high levels of understanding. (Watkins Biggs, 2001: 3) Various studies around this time looked to examine this Catch 22 through showing perception, meetings and surveys, including Watkins and Biggs, 1996 and 2001, Cortazzi and Jin 1996a, 1996b, 1998 and 2001, Ramburuth 2000, Hu 2002. They discovered noteworthy contrasts in the impression of the part of educators, the part of students, study strategies, and the way of life of learning. The Chinese society of learning indicates the dispositions of guardians, society as a rule and the moulding of youthful youngsters. Children in China typically go to full-time kindergarten from the age of two to the age of six when they start primary school. Kindergartens have an instructing syllabus that incorporates figuring out how to peruse and compose Chinese characters, number juggling and general information together with music, workmanship and recreations. More prestigious, and costly, kindergartens incorporate established verse and English in their educational module, while some are even bilingual Chinese and English. Since the one child policy was received in 1978, without kin kindergartens have turned into the socialization preparing ground for these little sovereign youngsters, portrayed as spoilt and badly behaved.

Make Your Own Signature Perfume Scent

Make Your Own Signature Perfume Scent Perfume is a classic gift, but its even better if the perfume you give is a scent that you created yourself, especially if you package it in a beautiful bottle. Perfume you make yourself is free from synthetic chemicals and is fully customized to your personal taste. Heres how to make your own perfume. Perfume Materials Perfume consists of a mixture of essential oils in a base oil, together with alcohol and water. 1/2 ounce jojoba oil or sweet almond oil2-1/2 ounces ethanol (e.g., vodka)2 tablespoons spring water or distilled water (not tap water)coffee filterdark-colored glass bottle25 drops essential oils (buy them at a health store or online or distill your own)7 drops base note essential oils7 drops middle note essential oils6-7 drops top note essential oilscouple of drops of bridge notes (optional) The essential oils that you use form the basis of your perfume. These essential oils are called the notes of the perfume. The base notes are the part of the perfume that lasts the longest on your skin. The middle notes evaporate a little more quickly. The top notes are the most volatile and disperse first. Bridge notes have intermediate evaporation rates and serve to tie a scent together. Sometimes other substances are added to a perfume, such as sea salt (ocean scent), black pepper (spicy), camphor, and vetiver. Since the essential oils evaporate at different rates, the way a perfume smells changes over time as you wear it. Here are some examples of common base, middle, top, and bridge notes. base notes: cedarwood, cinnamon, patchouli, sandalwood, vanilla, moss, lichen, fernmiddle notes: clove, geranium, lemongrass, neroli, nutmeg, ylang-ylangtop notes: bergamot, jasmine, lavender, lemon, lime, neroli, orchid, rosebridge: vanilla, lavender The order in which you mix your ingredients is important, since it will affect the scent. If you change the procedure, record what you did in case you want to do it again. Create Your Perfume Add the jojoba oil or sweet almond oil to the bottle.Add the essential oils in the following order: the base notes, followed by the middle notes, then finally the top notes. Add a couple of drops of bridge notes, if desired.Add 2-1/2 ounces of alcohol.Shake the bottle for a couple of minutes then let it sit for 48 hours to 6 weeks. The scent will change over time, becoming strongest around 6 weeks.When the scent is where you want it to be, add 2 tablespoons of spring water to the perfume. Shake the bottle to mix the perfume, then filter it through a coffee filter and pour it into its final bottle. Ideally, this will be a dark bottle with minimal airspace, since light and exposure to air degrade many essential oils.You can pour a little perfume into a decorative bottle, but in general, store your perfume in a dark sealed bottle, away from heat and light.Label your creation. Its a good idea to record how you made the perfume, in case you want to duplicate it. Perfumery Notes It takes experimentation to get the scent you want, but you can get started in the right direction by keeping in mind the type of scent associated with essential oils: earthy: patchouli, vetiverfloral: geranium, jasmine, neroli, rose, violet, ylang-ylangfruity: bergamot, grapefruit, lemon, lemongrass, lime, mandarin, orangeherbal: angelica, basil, chamomile, clary sage, lavender, peppermint, rosemarysea: sea saltspicy: black pepper, cardamom, cinnamon, clove, coriander, ginger, juniper, nutmegwoodsy: cassia, cedar, cypress, pine, sandalwood If the perfume is too strong, you can dilute it with more water. If you want your perfume to retain its scent longer, add a tablespoon of glycerin to the perfume mixture.

Poor Interaction Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Poor Interaction Managment - Essay Example This paper approves that in every problem, recommendations must be made. In this analysis, the following recommendations would help in resolving the problem. To start with, this is a very critical problem to deal with. Since there are no witnesses available, it would b very hard to crack this case. The best thing I would recommend is by all the workers who have had a rough experience with the Human resource Manager forget and move on. This will enhance a good relationship to growth while they understand each other. Moreover, it would create a sense of belonging and it will help them reconnect with their past mistakes. The management and the board should look into the matter so that incase of any cases of sexual harassment, James should be charger in a court of law. Incase he found guilty, there should be no reason for having him in the organisation, he should be fired and another Human Resource Manager should be hired who would create a good interpersonal relation with the workers. M anaging staff in organisations should use their interpersonal skills to know how to deal with workers and how to communicate to them effectively without showing signs of favouritism. Thes essay makes a conclusion that mismanagement of interpersonal relation has become a big issue in the society today, everyone with power exploiting the powerless due to lack of interpersonal relations. James lacks a good interpersonal relationship with the workers and he uses that opportunity to exploit them. He has a good relationship interpersonally with management that make is simple for him to have a scapegoat.

Teenage pregnancy in ireland Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Teenage pregnancy in ireland - Thesis Example The teenage pregnancy is a contentious issue in Ireland, and the problem is especially pronounced in County Louth which is one of smallest counties in Ireland with the highest rate of teenage pregnancies (Crisis Pregnancy Agency, 2007). Many society members view most cases of teenage pregnancy as a burden and a barrier to the achievement of the necessary education status and employment standards. However, there is also a growing acceptance of non-standard family models. This research will aim to explore the attitudes of the society toward teenage pregnancy. The literature review will comprehensively discuss the problem of teenage pregnancy, teenage birth rates in Ireland, risk factors and health risks of teenage pregnancies to provide the theoretical aspects of the research on teenage pregnancy as well as the society attitudes toward young mothers. According to Keller (2002), the rate of teenage pregnancies in both County Louth and Dublin is the same i.e. 6.8pc. However, the statisti cs from the 2002 research could be currently different due to the fact that the difference in the sizes of the two cities leads to a difference in the social norms. Being larger than County Lough, the teenage birth rates could be higher in Dublin because the sexual activities will be more rampant, the catholic culture will have less impact, and the multicultural impact is high. The 2010 statistics from the Central Statistics Office (CSO) indicates that teenage pregnancy in Ireland has been reduced in significant levels and it led to birth of 2, 043 babies for the mothers under the age of 20 (CSO, 2010). This was a decline from the 2006 statistics, when 2352 cases represented 0.4% of the total births among women that year (Crisis Pregnancy Agency, 2007). Majority of the teenage births are noted among girl between eighteen to nineteen years old. For example,

Comparing unacademic genre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparing unacademic genre - Essay Example This film indeed plays like real life events happening in a modern television network station. The main actor appears to reason with critics, something that gives him an edge to pass on his message that current journalists have more ways of speaking the truth to those in authority fearlessly. He goes on showing that, the modern journalist has been able to attract the attention even first-time viewers and consequently being able to engage the viewer to give an opinion concerning both public and private policies. The movie has portrayed news anchors and journalists as people who do feed viewers and readers with the right content but in between tilt it to favor their side of the argument. That way they have an upper hand of influencing public opinion about how the ruling class executes its policies. The film is quite interesting and captivating, with all characters coming out boldly and playing their roles interactively. The piece signifies the importance of working out in a calculative and composed way with the bigger picture in mind. From the movie, one can learn how to single out truth from fiction in the work of journalists and figure out how to make independent decisions instead of following their lead. As shown, that best way is to digest the question the journalist asks then give a reply based on that piece of the article without an analysis. The piece with analysis is meant to divert your vision to something similar to what the article talks of. The movie is about a female messiah-like figure (Jupiter) who is engaging King Lear family villain siblings in a bitter war to control the solar system. The villains play tough prompting Jupiter to seek assistance from baddies, who are members of another dynasty. The baddies immediately become interested in her and compel her to sign a property deed that shall allow them to harvest her eggs. These eggs contain energy of imprisoned people, so the buddies want to

Overview of Famous Mathematicians

Overview of Famous Mathematicians Mathematicians’ Manifesto A young man who died at the age of 32 in a foreign land he had travelled to, to pursue his craft. A clumsy eccentric who could visualize his complete work in his head before he put it to canvas. A Russian who shuns the limelight and refuses recognition for his work. A traveller who went from country to country on a whim in order to collaborate with others. A man whose scribblings inspired the life work of hundreds. A woman, who escaped the prejudices against her gender to make a name for herself. A recluse who spent close to ten years working on one piece. A revolutionary child prodigy who died in a gun duel before his twenty-first birthday. What do you picture when you read the above? Artists? Musicians? Writers? Surely not mathematicians? Srinivas Ramanujan (1887-1920) was a self-taught nobody who, in his short life-span, discovered nearly 3900 results, many of which were completely unexpected, and influenced and made entire careers for future mathematicians. In fact there is an entire journal devoted to areas of study inspired by Ramanujan’s work. Even trying to give an overview of his life’s work would require an entire book. Henri Poincare (1854-1912) was short-sighted and hence had to learn how to visualise all the lectures he sat through. In doing so, he developed the skill to visualise entire proofs before writing them down. Poincare is considered one of the founders of the field of Topology, a field concerned with what remains when objects are transformed. An oft-told joke about Topologists is that they can’t tell their donut from their coffee cup. A conjecture of Poincare’s, regarding the equivalent of a sphere in 4-dimensional space, was unsolved till this century when Grigori Perelman (1966- ) became the first mathematician to crack a millenium prize problem, with prize money of $1million. Perelman turned it down. He is also the only mathematician to have turned down the Fields Medal, mathematics’ equivalent of the Nobel Prize. Have you heard of the Kevin Bacon number? Well mathematicians give themselves an Erdos number after Paul Erdos (1913-96) who, like Kevin Bacon, collaborated with everybody important in the field in various parts of the world. If he heard you were doing some interesting research, he would pack his bags and turn up at your doorstep. Pierre de Fermat (1601-65) was a lawyer and ‘amateur’ mathematician, whose work in Number Theory has provided some of the greatest tools mathematicians have today, and are integral to very modern areas such as cryptography. He made an enigmatic comment in a margin of his copy of Diaphantus’ ‘Arithmetica’ saying: ‘It is impossible to separate a cube into two cubes, or a fourth power into two fourth powers, or in general, any power higher than the second, into two like powers. I have discovered a truly marvellous proof of this, which this margin is too narrow to contain.’ Whether he actually had a proof is debatable, but this one comment inspired work for the next 300 years. In these intervening 300 years, one name has to be mentioned Sophie Germain (1776-1831). Germain remains one of the few women who have broken the glass ceiling and made significant contributions to mathematics. She was responsible for proving Fermat’s scribblings for a large amount of numbers. I apologise to Andrew Wiles (1953- ) for calling him a recluse, but he did spend close to 10 years on the proof of Fermat’s Last Theorem, during most of which he did not reveal his progress to anybody. Saving the best for last, Evariste Galois (1811-32), a radical republican in pre-revolutionary France, died in a duel over a woman at the age of 20. Only the night before, he had finished a manuscript with some of the most innovative and impactful results in mathematics. There is speculation that the resulting lack of sleep caused him to lose the duel. Galois developed what became a whole branch of mathematics to itself Galois Theory, a sub-discipline which connect two other subdisciplines of abstract algebra. It is the only branch of mathematics I can think of which is named after its creator (apart from Mr. Algebra and Ms. Probability). This might appear to be anecdotal evidence of the creative spirit of mathematics and mathematicians. However, the same can be said about the evidence given for Artistic genius. In fact there is research which shows that the archetype of a mad artistic genius doesn’t stand on firm ground. So, lets move away from exploring creative mathematicians, to the creativity of the discipline. Mathematics is a highly creative discipline, by any useful sense of the word ‘creative.’ The study of mathematics involves speculation, risk in the sense of the willingness to follow one’s chain of thought to wherever it leads, innovative arguments, exhilaration at achieving a result and many a time beauty in the result. Unlike scientists, mathematicians do not have our universe as a crutch. Elementary mathematics might be able to get inspiration from the universe, but quickly things change. Mathematicians have to invent conjectures from their imagination. Therefore, these conjectures are very tenuous. Most of them will fail to bear any fruit, but if mathematicians are unwilling to take that risk, they will lose any hope of discovery. Once mathematicians are convinced of the certainty of an argument, they have to present a rigorous proof, which nobody can poke any holes in. Once again, they are not as luck as scientists, who are happy with a statistically signific ant result or at most a result within five standard deviations. As a result of this, once you prove a mathematical theorem, your name will be associated with it for eternity. Aristotle might have been superseded by Newton and Newton by Einstein, but Euclid’s proof of infinite primes will always be true. As Hardy said, â€Å"A mathematician, like a painter or poet, is a maker of patterns. If his patterns are more permanent than theirs, it is because they are made with ideas.† The beauty of mathematical results and proofs is a fraught terrain, but there are certain results, great masters such as Euler’s identity and Euclid’s proof, which are almost universally accepted as aesthetically pleasing. So, why are people so afraid of mathematics? Why do they consider it to be boring and staid? Well, the easy answer is that they are taught shopkeeper mathematics. In school, you are taught to follow rules in order to arrive at an answer. In the better schools, you are encouraged to do so using blocks and toys. However, basically the only skills you are getting are those which help you in commercial transactions. At the most, you get the skills to help you in other disciplines like Economics and the Sciences. There has been a huge push in the recent past for the Arts to be taught in school ‘for art’s sake.’ There would be uproar tomorrow amongst artists and the liberal elite if art class turned into replicating posters (not even creating them). There would even be a furore if the only art students did was to draw the solar system for Science class and the Taj Mahal for Social Studies. What good art classes involve is teachers introducing concepts such as particular shapes and then encouraging students to experiment and create based on those concepts. What about ‘maths for maths’ sake?’ Students should be encouraged to come up with their own conjectures based on concepts introduced by the teacher. This class would have to be closely guided by a teacher who is conceptually very strong, so that they can give examples in order to get students to come up with conjectures. They would also be required to provide students with counterexamples to any conjecture they have come up with. I am not suggesting completely doing away with the current model of mathematics education involving repeated practice of questions. Just as replication probably helps in the arts and the arts can serve as great starting points for concepts in other disciplines, repetition is important in mathematics as it helps you intuit concepts and certain mathematical concepts are important for the conceptual understanding of other disciplines and for life. So, there needs to be a blend of mathematics classes (those which teach mathematics) and shopkeeper classes (those which teach mathematical concepts for other disciplines and for life). These would not work as separate entities and might even be taught at the same time. This requires a complete overhaul of the mathematics curriculum with a much lighter load of topics so that teachers can explore concepts in depth with their students. It also requires a larger emphasis on concepts such as symmetry, graph theory and pixel geometry which are easi er to inquire into and form conjectures in than topics like calculus. Now we come to the logistics. How many teachers are there in the country who have a strong enough conceptual understanding required to engage with mathematics in this manner? I would be pleasantly surprised if that were a long list, but I suspect it isn’t. In order to build up this capability, the emphasis at teacher colleges and in teacher professional development has to move from dull and pointless concepts like classroom management and teaching strategies, to developing conceptual understanding, at least in Mathematics. The amount of knowledge required to teach school mathematics is not all that much. All that is required is a strong conceptual base in a few concepts along with an understanding of mathematics as an endeavor, and a disposition for the eccentricities of the discipline. Even so, this will not be easy to accomplish and will take time. In the meanwhile, wherever possible, professional mathematicians could come in to schools and work with teachers on their lesson plans. In other cases, these mathematicians could partner with educationalists and come up with material, which can more or less be put to use in any class (this is not ideal as lesson plans should be created by the teachers and evolved based on their understanding of their class, but this will have to do in the interim). Not only will this help in developing a disposition for mathematics and hopefully churn out mathematicians, but it will also help in the understanding of shopkeeper mathematics. Pedagogy and conceptual understanding are not separate entities. In fact a strong conceptual understanding is a prerequisite for effective pedagogy. Mathematics is unfortunate in its usefulness to other disciplines and the utility it provides for life. In the meanwhile, the real creative essence of the discipline is lost. I don’t blame students for hating mathematics in school. In fact it is completely justified. Mathematics is missing out. Who knows, one of these students would have proved the Riemann Hypothesis in an alternate reality. Artists have been very successful in campaigning for the creativity of their discipline to be an integral part of schools. Mathematicians, on the other hand, really need to pull up their socks and join the fight for the future of mathematics. In the spirit of Galois, Mathematicians of the World Unite! You have nothing to lose but the chains of countless students!